OEM

Target Voltage

Practical Minimum Amps

Key Notes

Acura

~13.5 V

60 A

Same as Honda; keep above 12 V.

Alfa Romeo

13.2–13.5 V

60 A

Same as Stellantis.

Audi

12.8–14.2 V (ideal 13.5)

60–70 A

Do not drop below ~12.5 V.

BMW

14.2 V (13.8 Li-ion)

70–100 A

Heavy loads; high-demand programming.

Buick (GM)

~13.4 V

55–60 A

Uses PSC-550 (≈55 A) & GR8.

Cadillac (GM)

~13.4 V

55–60 A

Same as GM spec.

Chevrolet (GM)

~13.4 V

55–60 A

Same as GM spec.

Chrysler

13.2–13.5 V

60 A

Do not exceed 13.5 V.

Dodge

13.2–13.5 V

60 A

Same Stellantis constraint.

Fiat

13.2–13.5 V

60 A

Narrow voltage window.

Ford

12.6–13.6 V

50–60 A

Uses GRX-3590 / DCA-8000.

GMC (GM)

~13.4 V

55–60 A

Same GM spec.

Honda

~13.5 V

60–70 A

Uses GR8 / ESS6100.

Hyundai

~13.5 V

60 A

Uses GR8-1299.

Infiniti

~13.5 V

60–70 A

Same as Nissan; keep stable.

Jaguar

~13.4 V

70 A

German-like load profile.

Jeep

13.2–13.5 V

60 A

Do not exceed 13.5 V.

Kia

~13.5 V

60 A

GR8 commonly used.

Lexus

~13.5 V

60–70 A

Techstream requires power-supply mode.

Lincoln

12.6–13.5 V

50–60 A

Same Ford spec.

Mazda

~13.5 V

60 A

Uses GR8-1291/1200.

Mercedes-Benz

12.5–14.5 V

70–100 A

High-module-load systems.

Mini

14.2 V (13.8 Li-ion)

70 A

BMW-derived electrical design.

Mitsubishi

~13.5 V

60 A

Standard Japanese spec.

Nissan

~13.5 V

60–70 A

Keep 12–15.5 V stable.

Porsche

13.5–14.5 V (ideal 14.2)

70 A

High-demand Euro systems.

Subaru

13.5 V (max ~14.0)

60–70 A

Programming aborts above ~14.0 V.

Toyota

~13.5 V

60–70 A

DCA-8000 / GR8 in power-supply mode.

GR Supra

14.2 V

70 A

BMW electrical architecture.

Volkswagen

12.8–14.2 V

60–70 A

Keep above ~12.5 V.

Volvo

~13.4 V

55–60 A

Often uses PSC-550 (55 A).